新托福阅读植物类话题词汇及长短句_易伯华托福阅读

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文章标题：Timberline Vegetation on Mountains（TPO1 Passage 1）

所属话题：生命科学类之植物类

文章体裁：科技说明文

文章结构：原因（cause）/结果（effect）

难度系数：文章难度★★★★题目难度★★★

各题型数量：

词汇题（4题）直接事实题（3题）否定排除题（1题）

推论题（1题）句子简化题（1题）指代题（1题）

修辞目的题（1题）插入文本题（1题）摘要题（1题）

高频话题词总结：

timberline树带界限

vegetation植物、草木

transition过渡、转变、变迁

vertical垂直的、竖立的

upper上面的、地表层的

semiarid半干旱的、半旱性的

moisture水分、湿度、潮湿

tropics热带地区

polar极地的

evergreen常绿植物、常绿树

species物种、种类

deform使变形、使变丑

latitude维度

valley山谷、峡谷、谷地

attain达到、获得

expose揭露、使暴露

prone易于…的，有…倾向的

cessation（暂时）停止、中断

mature成熟、长成

sufficient足够的、充足的

alpine tundra高山冻原

adjacent邻近、毗邻

diversity多样性

occasional偶尔的、间或的

microhabitat小栖息地

striking显著的、引人注目的

characteristic特征、特色

crucial关键的、极其显要的

insulation绝缘、绝缘或者隔热的材料

prevalent流行、普遍存在、普遍发生

长难句：

1.This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes,whichtend to attain greater height on ridges,whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater height in the valleys.

分析：主句为This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes;whichtend to attain greater height on ridges为定语从句，做trees的定语，关系词为which;whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater height in the valleys为表示对比的状语从句，由whereas引导。

2. Probablythe most important environmental factor is temperature,forif the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots buds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.

分析：主句为the most important environmental factor is temperature;;forif the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots buds cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months;为for连接的原因状语从句；;if the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low;为此原因状语从句中的条件状语从句，由if引导。

3.Immediately adjacent to the timberline,the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses,whilehigher up the number and diversity of species decreaseuntil there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.

分析：主句为;the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses;;;Immediately adjacent to the timberline;为前置定语，做the tundra的定语；;whilehigher up the number and diversity of species decreaseuntil there is much bare groundwith occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.;为表示对比的状语从句，由while引导；;until there is much bare