例如: 如果我们想要表达「A 建立在 B 的基础上」这个句子时,就可以选择不同的用词 A be on the basis of B. B be the foundation of A. basis 和 foundation 这两个词都是「基础」的意思。如果我们在托福写作中出现了多处需要表达「A 建立在 B 的基础上」时,就可以交替使用上面两种句型和用词。 此外,除了使用名词表达「基础」,我们还可以将其转化成动词词组的形式,例如: A be built on B. 这样,同样的意思选用不同的词,就可以避免多处只用一种表达,给阅卷人造成考生词汇贫乏的感觉了。 那么哪些词经常会被应用在托福写作中?又有哪些词意思相近,可以在某种语境下相互替换呢? 根据托福写作话题分类,本文为大家总结了 100 个托福写作黄金词汇以及替换词。 在这 100 个词汇中,不仅囊括了与托福写作话题高度相关的词汇 例如: lead an extravagant / a lavish life「花钱大手大脚」(生活思考类); eco-friendly「环境友好的」(社会环境类)等 还包括「表达观点」、「阐述理由」、「举例说明」时经常用到的词汇。 例如: perspective / standpoint / opinion 可以相互替换; be skewed / biased 都表示「观点存在偏见」; 表达某事带来的影响,不仅可以用 effect,还可以使用 influence, impact, result 等等 这些词也是我们写每篇文章必然会用到的一些词汇,可以说,掌握了这 100 个词,不管遇到何种话题的写作题目,我们都可以从中找到借鉴,时刻为写作加分。 下面,我们就一起来看一下这 100 个黄金词汇和替换词分别是什么。 第一批 famous people 名人 替换词:celebrities (单数为 celebrity) opinion 观点 替换词:perspective / standpoint (means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) complex 复杂的 替换词:intricate (if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details) part 部分 替换词:component person 人 替换词:individual friends 朋友、同伴 替换词:companions enemy 敌人 替换词:opponent / foe narrow minds 狭隘的头脑或观念 替换词:nsular minds boring 无聊的 替换词:tedious (if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating) cold 寒冷的 替换词:chilly (unpleasantly cold) / icy (extremely cold) dangerous 危险的 替换词:perilous (very dangerous) / hazardous (dangerous, especially to people's safety and health) 第二批 nowadays 目前 替换词:currently result 结果 替换词:consequence (the results or effects of something) obvious 明显的 替换词:apparent / manifest field 领域 替换词:domain (a particular field of thought, activities or interest) wrong 错误的 替换词:erroneous (incorrect or partly correct) change 改变、转变 替换词:convert (change into another form) rich 富有 替换词:affluent (if you are affluent, you have a lot of money) attractive 吸引人的 替换词:appealing (pleasing and attractive) / absorbing (something absorbing can attract you a great deal) best 最好的 替换词:optimal (used to describe the best level something can achieve) unbelievable 难以置信的 替换词:inconceivable (if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen) method 方法 替换词:avenue (away of getting something done) 第三批 famous 著名的、出众的 替换词:distinguished (used to describe people who are successful in their career) ancient 古老的 替换词:archaic (extremely old and extremely old-fashioned) possible 可能的、合理的 替换词:feasible (if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved) so 因此 替换词:consequently / accordingly rare 很少发生的 替换词:infrequent (doesn’t happen often) careful 小心的、谨慎的 替换词:cautious (very careful in order to avoid danger) / prudent (careful and sensible) dislike 不喜欢、厌恶 替换词:abhor (abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons) / loathe (dislike very much) near 附近的 替换词:adjacent (two things next to each other) / adjoin (the same as adjacent) common 普遍的 替换词:universal / ubiquitous (if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) important 重要的 替换词:crucial (extremely important) / significant (amount or effect large enough to be important) 第四批 a life without regular exercise 缺乏定期锻炼的生活 替换词:a sedentary lifestyle very popular 很受欢迎 替换词:prevalent / ubiquitous strong 强有力的 替换词:powerful / mighty be better than 比…好 替换词:be superior to many 大量、许多 替换词:numerous most suitable 最合适的 替换词:optimal alone 孤独的 替换词:solitary be the same 替换词:be identical / be homogenous / be uniform happy 开心的 替换词:delighted good for the environment 对环境好,环保 替换词:eco-friendly 第五批 doubt sth. 怀疑某事 替换词:be skeptical about sth. have many different abilities 多才多艺、多面手 替换词:be versatile / be well-rounded poor-quality 质量差 替换词:substandard spend a lot of money 花钱大手大脚 替换词:lead an extravagant / a lavish life with long history 历史悠久 替换词:time-honored(后面经常跟抽象名词,比如 tradition / practice / methods / heritage) be very interested in 对…感兴趣 替换词:be absorbed in / be engrossed in be qualified for 胜任 替换词:be eligible for very difficult 很困难 替换词:daunting / formidable having wrong opinions 观点错误 替换词:be skewed / biased enough 足够的 替换词:adequate / sufficient / ample / abundant 第六批 too much 太多、大量的 替换词:excessive very little 很小 替换词:minimal cause bad effects 产生不良后果 替换词:counterproductive make sth. strong 使某物强壮 替换词:strengthen / fortify / reinforce / consolidate sth. make sth. worse 使某物变得更糟 替换词:aggravate / exacerbate sth. stop 停止 替换词:cease appear 出现 替换词:emerge / arise begin 开始 替换词:commence / initiate keep complaining about sth. 抱怨某事 替换词:grumble about sth. 第七批 try hard to do sth. 努力做某事 替换词:pursue sth. / make a strenuous (an arduous/ a painstaking) effort to do sth. decrease 下降 替换词:decline / dwindle(特指逐渐缓慢的减少)/ dip / slip (后两个词用来指短促的下降) develop fast 发展迅速 替换词:flourish / thrive develop 培养、培育 替换词:cultivate / foster / nurture(这三个词后面经常跟和教育有关的名词,比如 cultivate an interest in social issues) support 支持 替换词:buttress / bolster work hard 努力工作、专心工作 替换词:work assiduously consider 深思、考虑 替换词:contemplate / reflect on / ponder meet 遇到 替换词:encounter(多用于政府,文化或者 success 这样偏大一些的话题) provide sth. 提供某物 替换词:afford sth.(在正式英文写作中,afford 经常可以表示「提供」) like sth. very much 非常喜欢某物 替换词:have an affinity for sth. / have a strong attachment to sth. 第八批 consider sth. valuable 觉得某物有价值 替换词:value sth. / treasure sth. / cherish sth. solve 解决 替换词:tackle / combat / address choose sth. / choose to do sth. 选择(做)某事 替换词:opt for sth. / opt to do sth. achieve 实现 替换词:fulfill appear in large numbers 大量出现 替换词:sprout up / mushroom pay…for (one's loss) 支付(损失) 替换词:compensate…for… contribute to 有助于 替换词:promote / facilitate(这两个词都是及物动词,所以不需要跟 to) hate 厌恶、反对 替换词:resent / hold a grudge against is not limited to… 不限于 替换词:is not restricted to…/ is not confined to… 第九批 improve 提高 替换词:boost / enhance(比如 boost solidarity 增进团结 / enhance productivity 提高生产率) waste 浪费 替换词:use… lavishly change… a lot 变化很大 替换词:fundamentally change… / radically change… / transform… obey 服从、听从 替换词:abide by / comply with / conform to (后面跟 the law / rules / regulations 等) depend on 取决于 替换词:hinge on / be contingent on make one's dream come true 实现梦想 替换词:fulfill one's potential / attain one's goal get rid of 摆脱、除去 替换词:eliminate / remove / abolish(多用于政府类话题,废除) mainly 主要地 替换词:primarily / principally / chiefly In the old days,… 在过去 替换词:Traditionally,… / Historically,… before… 在… 之前 替换词:prior to… 第十批 be punished by the law 被法律制裁 替换词:be brought to justice It is common for sb. to… 对…来说很普遍 替换词:It is standard practice for sb. to… in this aspect 在这方面 替换词:in this regard / in this respect in fact 事实上、本质上 替换词:as a matter of fact / in essence / essentially It is impossible that… 不可能 替换词:It is highly unlikely that… The cause of A is B. A 的原因是 B 替换词:A can be attributed to B / A can be ascribed to B sth. stops 某物静止不动 替换词:sth. comes to a standstill carry out 开展 替换词:launch / conduct pace of life 生活节奏 替换词:rhythm of life / tempo of life adapt to 适应 替换词:adjust to / acclimate t 以上就是托福写作中大家很有可能会用到的 100 个黄金词汇和替换词,我们一定要熟练掌握,有了这些词汇的积累,大家就不用担心写作时「一词用到底」的尴尬了。 (责任编辑:李老师) |